Identity and trust: KYB, KYC and ongoing monitoring
10
Glossary and sources
7 min read · Chapter 10 of 10
Words that mean something else here
| Term | What you'd assume | What it means here |
|---|---|---|
| Good standing | The company is legitimate | Its filings and state taxes are current; nothing more. A status check isn't a certificate of good standing |
| Active | Doing business | In a registry: not dissolved. From a vendor: found. On your platform: can move money |
| Verified | Someone checked it | Usually a vendor matched it to a source, which may itself be self-declared. In the UK since November 2025, a verified director is a legal status |
| Beneficial owner | Someone who owns a stake | In the US, also one control person who may own nothing. UBO is industry slang for the person at the top |
| KYB | A legal requirement | An industry term. The law says customer due diligence (US) or client identification (Canada) |
| KYC | An ID check | To regulators: identity plus understanding what the customer does and why |
| Customer (US bank rules) | Whoever opens the account | For a business account, the business; the person signing isn't a "customer" for identification purposes |
| Shell company | A fraud | A company with no operations, often legal. In money-laundering talk: one used to hide owners |
| Registered agent | The company's office | The address for legal papers, often shared by thousands of companies |
| High risk | One list | A bank's customer rating, Visa's high-brand-risk categories or MATCH's terminated merchants: three lists with three owners |
| Liveness | Proof a person is there | Usually resistance to masks and printouts; faked camera feeds are a separate test |
| Match rate | How often checks succeed | A file was found, the details agreed, or a yes from SSA: three different numbers |
| Digital ID | A government credential | A scan of a plastic card, a vendor profile, a bank login or a signed credential; only the last counts as a digital credential under the 2026 US FAQs |
| False positive | A mistake | In screening: a name hit that's someone else. In monitoring: an alert that led to no report, though it may have been worth a look |
| Perpetual KYC | A legal standard | A vendor term for reviewing on events instead of on a calendar |
| PEP | Any politician | US: senior foreign political figures. Canada and the EU: domestic ones too |
What surprised me
Placeholders in your voice, drafted from the earlier guides. Rewrite each with your own moment.
"KYB is a lookup." In the telco guide, the brand check for business texting was an exact match on EIN and legal name, and typos failed it. KYB looks like that with more fields, but a hijacked company passes the match perfectly. The match tells you the record exists, and the change history tells you whether to trust it.
"Ownership is public data." In the US there's no register to query for US companies, and since August 2026 there won't be one. The platform builds the ownership graph itself, dates it and keeps it current.
"The regulator is my counterparty." In spend management I learned fintechs rent a sponsor bank's charter. They also inherit its exam findings: one bank's consent order changed the onboarding rules for every fintech on it in a week.
"Approval is the finish line." I designed onboarding as the product. The money and the failures are in what comes after: alerts, reviews, refreshes, a team sized for last year's customers.
"A selfie is proof." A certified liveness check is certified against masks and printouts. A faked camera feed is a different attack, and the document itself is now the weakest signal in the stack.
Sources
Undated entries were read on October 3, 2026; "search result" means seen only as a search snippet.
US rules and regulators
- Cornell LII: 31 CFR 1020.220, customer identification, 31 CFR 1020.100, definitions, 31 CFR 1010.230, beneficial owners, 12 CFR 21.11, suspicious activity reports, 31 CFR 1020.320, bank reports
- FinCEN: Beneficial ownership information reporting; Alert on deepfake media (Nov 2024); 314(a) fact sheet (Sep 2026); PEP interagency statement (Aug 2020, search result)
- OCC, Fed, FDIC, NCUA and FinCEN: FAQs on verifiable digital credentials (Sep 2026)
- Federal Reserve: Evolve order (Jun 2024)
- IRS, TIN Matching (Aug 2026); eCBSV fees, Federal Register (Apr 2025, search result); SSA, eCBSV (search result)
- Congressional Research Service, GENIUS Act of 2025 overview (updated Aug 2026); OCC, conditional approvals for five national trust bank charters (Dec 2025, search result)
- NIST, SP 800-63A-4 identity assurance levels (Aug 2025)
- FTC, INFORM Consumers Act guidance
- NASS, Business filing fraud report (Jul 2026)
- Delaware Division of Corporations, online status and certificates
- SBA Office of Advocacy, 2025 small business profiles (search result); OMB, NAICS 2027 proposal (Jul 2026, search result)
- DOJ, TD Bank case (search result); Illinois IDFPR and CSBS, Block multistate action (Jan 2025, search result)
Canada
- FINTRAC: Beneficial ownership requirements; Methods to verify identity; Changes to the regime; 2025-26 enforcement results (Jul 2026); PEP FAQ (search result)
- ISED, federal ownership filing announcement (Jan 2024, search result); Corporations Canada, data services (search result)
- Quebec's register, via Doane Grant Thornton (search result); British Columbia, corporate ownership transparency (search result)
- Interac verification service, via BMO (search result)
UK and EU
- Companies House: Annual report 2025 to 2026; identity verification for PSCs (Jan 2026); streaming API (search result); GOV.UK, identity verification rollout and people with significant control (search results)
- GOV.UK, OfDIA 2026 annual report (Jul 2026)
- FCA: Monzo fine, Starling fine, Barclays fine (2024-2025, search results)
- Payment Systems Regulator, APP scams reimbursement decision; Matheson, PSD3 and PSR (2026)
- Cifas, Fraudscape 2026 and six-month update (search results)
- EUR-Lex: AMLR, Regulation (EU) 2024/1624; eIDAS 2, Regulation (EU) 2024/1183
- AMLR Article 26 and AMLA's draft due-diligence standard, Article 7, Springlex copies (2026)
- eucrim, AMLD6
Card networks and identifiers
- Visa, Payment Facilitator and Marketplace Risk Guide (Apr 2021); Mastercard, Quick Reference Booklet (search result)
- GLEIF, The LEI in numbers, Q2 2026 (search result)
Research and surveys
- BPI, Getting to effectiveness
- LexisNexis Risk Solutions and Forrester, True cost of compliance (Feb 2024, vendor-commissioned)
- DHS remote identity validation results, via idtechwire (Mar 2026)
- A vendor's payments KYB case study (Apr 2026, vendor); a bank-onboarding vendor's KYC trends report (2023 data, vendor)
- A licensing consultant's US money transmitter licence pricing (search result, vendor)
- SSA eCBSV pilot results, via SentiLink (Apr 2021, vendor)
- Entrust 2026 Identity Fraud Report (Nov 2025, search result, vendor)
- TransUnion synthetic identity exposure, via Banking Exchange (Nov 2024) and TransUnion's H1 2025 report (search result)
- Route Fifty, mobile driver's licences (Aug 2026); b2trust, eIDAS 2 status (Apr 2026)
Company results and releases (the main players)
- Identity verification: Entrust, see the fraud report above; Persona, Series D (Apr 2025, search result); Veriff, revenue release (Dec 2025) and plans; Socure, Effectiv acquisition (Oct 2024, search result); Incode, valuation (Dec 2021, search result) and DHS test results (2026, vendor); GBG, FY26 results (2026, search result); Mitek, FY2025 results (Dec 2025, search result); ID.me, funding (Sep 2025, search result); CLEAR, 10-Q (Q3 2025, search result); Sumsub, pricing; Stripe, Identity (search result)
- KYB and business data: Moody's, FY2025 10-K (search result); Dun & Bradstreet, FY2024 10-K (search result) and Clearlake, acquisition completed (Aug 2025, search result); Middesk, about (search result) and matching docs; Trulioo, US KYB growth (Oct 2025, search result, vendor); Kyckr, FY2026 results (Jul 2026, search result, vendor); Baselayer, Series A (Aug 2026); Middesk, Vendr pricing data (Feb 2026)
- Bureaus and risk data: Experian, FY26 results (May 2026, search result); TransUnion, FY2025 10-K (search result); RELX, 2025 results (Feb 2026, search result); BioCatch, Permira acquisition (Sep 2024, search result); Prove, Portabl acquisition (Jan 2025, search result)
- Sanctions data: LSEG, Risk Intelligence investor webinar (Jun 2025); ComplyAdvantage, Vendr pricing data (Feb 2026)
- Transaction monitoring: NICE Actimize sale, Calcalist (Sep 2026); Quantexa, Series F (2025, search result); Hawk, Series C (Apr 2025, search result); Sardine, Series C (Feb 2025, search result); Unit21, Vendr pricing data (2025)
- Size and pricing: Stripe, Connect pricing (Oct 2026); Persona, Startup Program (Oct 2026); ComplyAdvantage, Starter plan (search result); Nasdaq Verafin, partnership release (Oct 2026, search result, vendor); Wise, statement on financial crime staff (Jun 2026, search result); TD, Q3 2026 earnings release (Aug 2026)
- Sponsor banks: The Bancorp, FY2025 10-K (search result); Coastal Financial, 4Q25 results (Jan 2026, search result); Lead Bank, Series B (Sep 2025, search result)
Law firms and press
- Orrick, FinCEN lifts ownership reporting (Sep 2026); DLA Piper, CDD exceptive relief (Mar 2026, search result) and Canada AML bills (Mar 2026); American Banker, FinCEN moves to rewrite due diligence (Sep 2026)
- MoFo, last four TIN digits order (Jul 2025, search result); King & Spalding, SAR FAQs (Oct 2025); Gibson Dunn, AML program proposal and mid-year AML 2026; Mayer Brown, debanking executive order (Aug 2025, search result)
- Law Debenture, directors still unverified (2026); William Fry, EU court ruling on ownership registers (search result); Noerr, AMLR ownership rules; Linklaters, EU digital company law (May 2025, search result); Hogan Lovells, AMLA consultation
- McDermott, first INFORM case (2025, search result); Sidley, BIPA amendment retroactive (Apr 2026, search result); Orrick, Onfido BIPA settlement (May 2023); Katten, BIPA and financial institutions (search result); Texas Tribune, Meta settlement (Jul 2024, search result); Hunton, Google settlement (search result); BCLP, biometric laws tracker (search result)
- Fintech Specs, State of banking-as-a-service 2026 (2026)
- Banking Dive on Block and New York and Piermont and Sutton (2024-2025); Fortune, TD Bank (Oct 2024, search result)
- Cointelegraph, AI-generated IDs pass KYC (Feb 2024, search result); The Register, UK digital ID climbdown (Jan 2026, search result); Alston & Bird, FBI IC3 2025 report (2026, search result); APP reimbursement first year, Bratby (search result)
Field Guides are learning notes, not legal or compliance advice. Rules and fees change; check the cited primary sources before you act on anything here.